Ottoman Empire Focus On S Essays - , Term Papers

Ottoman Empire Focus On S annon By the 16th century, the vast and mighty empire of the Ottomans had reached the zenith of its power. The lands under Ottoman rule stretched from the heart of Central Europe to the deserts of Arabia. In nearly every respect, the Ottoman Empire was strong and well-organized. As such, it comes as no surprise that the people under Ottoman rule were organized in a neat power structure as well. From the royal Sultan to the villagers in the rayyah class, the people of the Empire each had a unique position in Ottoman society. At the very top of the pyramidal societal structure was the Sultan, absolute commander of all, and executor of decisions concerning politics and state wealth (for the purposes of serving the state's interests). A step below the Sultan were a small group of wealthy, esteemed leaders, who were ascribed special status because they were essentially the Sultan's slaves. The main duties of this select little group were to protect and enlarge the financial assets of the state for the benefit of the Sultan and the Empire. These leaders also ruled and defended the far-flung Ottoman Empire. While the Sultan invested wealth and the leaders protected it, the majority of commoners, the rayyahs, had the task of actually producing the wealth. The rayyahs had to pay part of their profits from industry, commerce, and farming to the state in the form of taxes. Townsfolk, villagers, and pastoral peoples made up the eclectic mix of the rayyah class. The word rayyah literally translates into the protected flock of the Sultan. While Ottoman society was clearly divided into distinct social classes, these classes were neither closed nor confining, meaning that with the proper attributes and luck, a man could raise his social status. For example, to be a member of the small ruling class below the Sultan, one had to possess the following three qualities: - deep-rooted patriotism and loyalty for the Empire and the Sultan. - acceptance and practice of Islam, which was integrated into the Ottoman lifestyle. - knowledge and practice of the Ottoman Way, which consisted of complex customs, behavior, and language. If a rayyah possessed these qualities, he had a chance of becoming one of the numbered leaders. On the other hand, if a leader appeared to be lacking one or more of these qualities, he could just as easily be removed from his position and sink to being a rayyah again. The shaping force behind the Ottoman Empire was most definitely the religion of Islam. As a result, religion became a foremost guiding factor in people's lives. To maintain religious harmony and unity among the diverse Muslim and non-Muslim sects of the Empire, the rayyah class were given the right to organize themselves as they wished. What happened next is that people gravitated towards religion-dictated groups. The people of each important religion and/or sect organized themselves into self-centered, self-governing communities called millets. Millets were like mini-states, that regulated smaller civic matters such as marriages, deaths, etc. In a sense, the Ottoman Empire was like the United States is today; a powerful federal government that ruled from the seat of power in Istanbul, while millet state governments ruled over their small vicinities. The significance of millets is that they kept diverse peoples from clashing too much, since each cultural/religious group maintained a dignified distance from each other. This is not to say that the populace of the Ottoman Empire could not get along together though. The people of the Ottoman Empire were united through other common interests, morals, and ideals, as well as by an overwhelming unanimous loyalty to the Sultan himself. Such was the harmonious and organized society of the Ottoman Empire, the huge empire that left its mark on Turkey - and the world - forever. Neatly categorized into unique positions, each individual in the Ottoman Empire had his or her own part to play in society, a role to fulfill in order to contribute to the overall success of the state.

Do the right thing analysis essays

Do the right thing analysis essays The first scene begins with a close up shot of Senor Love Daddy's mouth, the top of a microphone, and an alarm clock. The alarm clock, being used as a prop, is making a very loud, annoying, ringing sound. This is done in order to get the viewers attention to the problem of racism. After the ringing stops, we start reframing in, and zooming out slowly, seeing more of Senor Love Daddy and the microphone. There is hard lighting present in the scene. The entire shot has a reddish color to it. A slow zoom and the reddish color are used to show the viewer how hot the setting of the movie is. The color also reflects tension, conflict, anger, and frustration, things that are not being expressed in the film yet. As we are zooming out, Senor Love Daddy says "Wake up, wake up, wake up..." This part of the scene is also is intended to get the viewers attention to the problem of racism. The foreground and some of the middle ground are in shallow focus. This is a get in your face type of shot, letting the viewer know that this movie will be in your face for the next two hours and that the viewer better pay attention to the problem at hand: racism. This shot is solely for the viewers, to get their attention. We stop zooming out once we see the whole microphone. At that point, we start tracking out and the camera starts moving slowly up, via a crane. We now see the reflection of the street outside Senor Love Daddy's workplace, on the glass window Senor Love Daddy is facing. We also see hats of many different cultures sitting Senor Love Daddy's desk. This shows that he respects many different cultures and shows he is a very open person. Also Senor Love Daddy's workplace is street level. He talks to all the characters in the movie like Mookie, Radio Raheem, and the people playing outside with the fire hydrant. This shows he is willing to communicate with the neighbo...

Daily Writing Tips Spelling Test 1

Daily Writing Tips Spelling Test 1 Daily Writing Tips Spelling Test 1 Daily Writing Tips Spelling Test 1 By Daniel Scocco It took us some time, but we are finally up with another test, the Spelling Test 1. Spelling mistakes represent a common problem on the Internet. Sometimes just one letter separates two words with completely different meanings. Other times we end up transposing a vowel, and the result is hardly noticeable by the eye. Regardless, you should make sure that spelling mistakes are not crippling your writing, and this test is a good opportunity to do so. Here is a teaser: 9. It didn’t turn out the way we wanted, _________. though tough through thought Do you think you can pass with 100% accuracy? Test your spelling skills now, and let us know the result! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingExpanded and ExtendedUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

Operation management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operation management - Assignment Example Amongst these, the work responsibilities of operations department can be duly considered to impose considerable impact upon business. Operations management is regarded as one of the forms of management, which deals with the aspect of designing along with controlling the production procedures within the business. It is apparent that operations management is regarded as one of the imperative aspects of business in the modern day context. It will not be ambiguous to depict that success and failure of any business is largely dependent on the efficiency in the operations department of the business (Heizer & et. al., 2009). 1. Task and Operational Selection Operational Process to be Improved As per the above discussion, it is clear that operations management is one of the decisive activities, which perform by organisations in this modern day business scenario. The efficiency in the performance of any business is largely dependent on how various operational functions are managed. Contextual ly, it would be crucial to depict that there are several operational processes that are being managed in the process of supply chain or supply network design. Among the various operational processes availability, this assignment will evaluate the operational process of supply network design with regard to determine the need for certain improvement in this particular aspect. It is evident that companies in the modern day business scenario must need to understand their respective supply network design in order to attain superior competitive position in terms of offering quality products or services to the customers. It has been noted that the supply chain network

You can choose one out of five Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

You can choose one out of five - Essay Example er the story of myths, let us examine the place and the role of the place where it is supposed to happen and be able to characterize the relationship of gods to the place where the story is supposed to take place, and what does it tell us about early Greek culture? I have chosen two myths that I believed have connections with mortals. First myth that I chose who played an important position in the mythology is Zeus. Zeus appeared in the collection of myths in the Greek pagan creation of myths. He was described as the king of the gods, king of law and order, fate, and sky and weather (Atsma, 2000). The Geographic location often referred to in the story of Hesoid, Theogony, is Mt. Olympus. It is a tall mountain with snowy peaks able to penetrate heaven.(v. II 36-52). Mt. Olynpus is characterized as a peaceful place wherein gods and goddesses lived peacefully. This is where Zeus lived, together with other goddesses and muses, his wife, brothers and sisters. Mt. Olympus first appeared in the story of Hesoid, while he was sheparding sheep at the foot of Helicon. Mt. Olympus was the home of Zeus and the twelve muses of Mt. Olympus. These muses came to see Hesoid to tell him of their stories so he could retell it to others. Hesoid is not a supernatur al being. He was an early Greek poet who lived during the 700 BC era. Hesoid opened his story with the tale of muses singing tirelessly to their father, Zeus, in Mt. Olympus. This is the first talk about Mt.Olympus. It is thru songs that the muses told the tale of the clans of men and giants. I perceived Mt. Olympus hall to be happy as it resonates the voices of muses. Mt. Olympus is featured with snowy peaks that leads to heaven, a peaceful place with no troubles or worries because it is guarded by a god. This is where gods built homes and palaces and any gods can live there but no humans were allowed. Mt. Olympus is different from what we see in mountains today. Today, in geography, there are several mountains

We Must Regain Our Lost Civil Liberties Essay -- Privacy Act, Patriot

With our nation’s tragedy of September 11, 2001, arose a deeply shaken America, shocked by the extent of the cruelty. An act of terrorism of that magnitude had never been seen before in our country. Patriots quickly came together, supporting the president to pass legislation, known as the USA Patriot Act, to tackle internal and external threats to this nation. The debate ensued, focused on which types of surveillance technology should or shouldn't be allowed for arresting terrorists. However, the question remains as to how these devices are going to be used, and how personally are those who use them held accountable. The purpose of this paper is to confirm that the proposed monitoring and archiving of users’ information on social networking sites would represent yet another erosion of our civil liberties for only a minor gain to our national security. The USA Patriot Act or simply the Patriot Act sanctions the use of wiretaps, additional surveillance of technology, such as voice mail and e-mail, trap and trace devices, and demands for educational and business records. The Department of Justice justifies that such actions in criminal investigations, have been used for years. However, this action comes under intense scrutiny by critics such as the ACLU who maintain that the secrecy surrounding the use of such tools as well as lower criteria for attaining the authority to use them â€Å"represents a broad expansion of power without building in a necessary privacy protection† (The USA PATRIOT Act: Myth vs. Reality, n.d.). The Patriot Act was signed into law on October 26, 2001, 45 days after the terrorist attacks on September 11th. The debate over what the Patriot Act actually allows law enforcement officia... ...om http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1669540,00.html National Security. (n.d.). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved from http://www.aclu.org/National-Security Presidential Powers, NSA Spying, and the War on Terrorism: Americans’ Attitudes on Recent Events – Overview. (2006). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved from http://www.aclu.org/safefree/nsaspying/24262res20060224.html The New York Times (2009, December 12). Twitter Tapping. [Editorial]. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/opinion/13sun2.html The USA Patriot Act. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/usapatriot The USA Patriot Act: Myth vs. Reality. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/subs/add_myths.htm

Biology Paper on Evolution of Birds

Scott Lewis Evolution Lab BIO/101 University of Phoenix Evolution Lab The evolution lab report is based the theory of Darwin and Wallace and determining the type of seeds the birds feed on an average rainfall in the island of Galapagos. The birds in this experiment live on the island and survival is not easy and it is baking hot during the day, freezing cold at night and there isn’t much food available. Because of this, the birds have very specialized feeding behaviors. An example of evolution resulting from natural selection was discovered among birds living in the Galapagos Island.These birds have varieties that vary in what they eat and their appearance. The specialization developed allowed the birds to survive during the dry season or times of drought/low precipitation when little food is available. Then this specialized tool allows the birds to better compete for food resources with other birds and animals. The objective of this experiment is to differentiate and determin e what happen when the parameters are changed over time between the Darwin and Wallace report. The first experiment is meant to study the influence of beak size on the birds’ population numbers.Deep breaks are suited to crack hard seeds, and shallow beaks are better suited for cracking soft seeds. To test out the hypothesis, I was able to change the beak size of Darwin to 17. 0mm and let Wallace Island at 12. 0mm. By doing so, the average beak size rose over time whereas it fluctuates for Wallace. The clutch size was changed from 10 eggs to 30 eggs for Darwin and left at 10 eggs for Wallace as well as population of 600 and 200 respectively. I also wondered about the changes of bird beaks from island to island.When I changed the cm on the beak, I was able to conclude that these numbers help them adapt to the island and make them more fit to survival on available food. The material that was used to create this hypothesis was accessed through the Evolution Lab on the student web site. I was able to change the clutch size as well as the beak because I felt that those where the most important aspects of these experiment. The determine reason for this according to the Darwin and Wallace, is the difference in temperature between summer and winter and the associated consequences for the life of the birds.The different approach that I used for the clutch size was related to biological characteristics, such as the body weight or environmental factors such as climate. I was able to input the two sizes into the data to come up with the results as far as how the population grows with each size. ================ Input Parameters ================ Parameter DARWIN WALLACE ——————————————- Initial Beak Size: 17. 0 mm 12. 0 mm Heritability: 0. 7 0. 7 Variance: 2. 0 2. 0 Clutch Size: 30. 0 eggs 10. 0 eggsPrecipitation: 27. 0 cm 27. 0 cm Population: 600. 0 birds 200. 0 birds Isl and Size: 1. 0 km 1. 0 km ==================== Experimental Results ==================== Year Dar Beak Dar Pop | Wal Beak Wal Pop ————————-+——————- 1997 17. 08 600 | 12. 05 200 1998 17. 08 2142 | 12. 11 273 1999 17. 2 833 | 12. 16 401 2000 17. 35 2127 | 12. 27 447 2001 17. 46 866 | 12. 37 610 2002 17. 69 1875 | 12. 47 651 2003 17. 89 1096 | 12. 7 650 2004 18. 0 1924 | 12. 49 746 2005 18. 08 1149 | 12. 65 791 2006 18. 11 1727 | 12. 84 803 2007 18. 2 1280 | 13. 02 788 2008 18. 27 1885 | 13. 25 742 2009 18. 43 1100 | 13. 32 774 2010 18. 64 1999 | 13. 33 726 2011 18. 72 1097 | 13. 48 734 2012 18. 72 1974 | 13. 63 767 2013 18. 85 1063 | 13. 59 883 2014 18. 95 1960 | 13. 69 872 2015 18. 98 1225 | 13. 82 816 2016 19. 1 2039 | 13. 96 806 017 19. 16 1035 | 14. 11 815 2018 19. 27 2030 | 14. 16 805 2019 19. 31 1042 | 14. 34 859 2020 19. 37 2020 | 14. 47 803 2021 19. 41 1149 | 14. 59 908 2022 19. 4 6 2010 | 14. 69 1003 2023 19. 54 1108 | 14. 9 960 2024 19. 54 2090 | 15. 09 984 2025 19. 65 1000 | 15. 31 956 2026 19. 77 2150 | 15. 37 1049 2027 19. 84 1022 | 15. 41 950 2028 19. 94 2141 | 15. 56 974 2029 20. 03 1028 | 15. 67 961 030 20. 07 2196 | 15. 9 1024 2031 20. 1 924 | 16. 08 1090 2032 20. 15 2230 | 16. 12 989 2033 20. 11 897 | 16. 23 1051 2034 20. 13 2257 | 16. 33 1062 2035 20. 21 877 | 16. 5 1052 2036 20. 24 2286 | 16. 59 1052 2037 20. 23 865 | 16. 72 1094 2038 20. 29 2236 | 16. 83 1097 2039 20. 34 964 | 16. 97 1145 2040 20. 37 2261 | 17. 07 1133 2041 20. 48 916 | 17. 2 1133 2042 20. 52 2251 | 17. 5 1081 2043 20. 57 958 | 17. 37 1052 2044 20. 61 2331 | 17. 5 1095 2045 20. 66 847 | 17. 64 1082 2046 20. 74 2362 | 17. 78 1139 2047 20. 85 861 | 17. 9 1060 2048 20. 88 2518 | 17. 91 1097 2049 20. 82 703 | 18. 04 1160 2050 20. 77 2250 | 18. 16 1238 2051 20. 73 964 | 18. 3 1220 2052 20. 82 2231 | 18. 37 1211 2053 20. 92 930 | 18. 55 1135 2054 20. 96 2302 | 18. 72 1271 2055 21. 913 | 18. 85 1284 2056 21. 2 2254 | 18. 87 1189 2057 21. 28 902 | 18. 96 1224 2058 21. 29 2392 | 19. 09 1210 2059 21. 28 760 | 19. 23 1282 2060 21. 28 2463 | 19. 34 1150 2061 21. 29 735 | 19. 38 1196 2062 21. 38 2416 | 19. 39 1265 2063 21. 52 780 | 19. 47 1299 2064 21. 5 2431 | 19. 49 1268 2065 21. 51 824 | 19. 5 1348 2066 21. 53 2457 | 19. 55 1249 2067 21. 65 758 | 19. 62 1312 068 21. 73 2583 | 19. 65 1216 2069 21. 71 672 | 19. 85 1184 2070 21. 75 2334 | 19. 85 1291 2071 21. 66 870 | 19. 97 1248 2072 21. 68 2375 | 20. 06 1168 2073 21. 73 869 | 20. 12 1319 2074 21. 77 2302 | 20. 14 1316 2075 21. 77 894 | 20. 24 1230 2076 21. 74 2400 | 20. 32 1313 2077 21. 77 885 | 20. 4 1328 2078 21. 76 2316 | 20. 39 1297 2079 21. 78 911 | 20. 41 1343 2080 21. 78 2410 | 20. 5 1339 2081 21. 83 776 | 20. 44 1299 2082 21. 81 2550 | 20. 49 1286 2083 21. 8 712 | 20. 6 1303 2084 21. 88 2356 | 20. 69 1234 2085 21. 88 927 | 20. 75 1328 2086 21. 87 2318 | 20. 65 1347 2087 21. 87 856 | 20. 66 1405 2088 21. 89 239 6 | 20. 64 1296 2089 21. 9 875 | 20. 7 1327 2090 21. 93 2161 | 20. 7 1341 2091 22. 0 997 | 20. 74 1405 2092 22. 04 2458 | 20. 69 1328 2093 22. 7 781 | 20. 79 1246 2094 22. 09 2350 | 20. 81 1344 2095 22. 24 854 | 20. 83 1272 2096 22. 36 2432 | 20. 88 1293 2088 21. 98 2146 | 20. 6 1312 2089 22. 07 1051 | 20. 69 1368 2090 22. 14 2286 | 20. 71 1260 2091 22. 19 880 | 20. 83 1323 2092 22. 2 2386 | 20. 87 1316 2093 22. 24 869 | 20. 99 1336 2094 22. 33 2388 | 20. 96 1420 2095 22. 46 839 | 20. 97 1355 2096 22. 52 2362 | 20. 95 1389In conclusion, the hypothesis was accepted in the fact the environmental factors plays a huge role in the survival of the birds. The clutch size is very important in determining whether the population of the birds goes extinct on either island. Clutch size is the number of eggs that a female bird lays in her nest and in these experiment, birds mate for life and live for one year and each female produces only one clutch of eggs per year. References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, simply delete this line of text using the backspace key, and replace the information with your reference entry.