A Sole Proprietorship - 2212 Words

LIT 1 Task 1 Part A Joshua Carney Western Governors University WGU Student ID #000336183 SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: A sole proprietorship is a business that is unincorporated and owned by a single person. A sole proprietorship is the simplest of the business organizations, allows freedom to the proprietor, they get to keep all of the profits, allows for taxing as a single unit and can enjoy a tax advantage of reducing taxable income due to business expenses. Some disadvantages of a sole proprietorship are that resources available, such as loans or investors are limited, there is unshared and unlimited liability on the proprietor’s part and when the proprietor dies, the business normally dies as well. †¢ Liability: A major drawback to the sole proprietorship is that there is unlimited and unshared liability on the proprietor’s part. There is no distinction between the sole proprietor’s business or personal assets and liabilities from a creditor’s standpoint. †¢ Income Taxes: A sole proprietor and their business are taxed as a single unit. All profits, no matter how big or little, are filed on the standard Form 1040 along with a Schedule C. All profits are considered personal income. †¢ Longevity or Continuity of the Organization: The biggest drawback of the sole proprietorship is that when the proprietor dies, the business dies with them. This could mean that any income from the business depended on by the remaining family could be cut off withoutShow MoreRelatedSole Proprietorship3410 Words   |  14 PagesCHAPTER FOUR SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP I. INTRODUCTION The sole proprietorship is the simplest form of â€Å"business association† we will examine. It is perhaps a bit odd to describe it as a form of â€Å"association† given that the â€Å"sole† proprietor will be the only â€Å"equity† investor and thus doesn’t â€Å"associate† with anyone else as a co-equity investor. However, there will almost invariably be â€Å"associations† that the sole proprietor will have in order to carry on the business. These can include associationsRead MoreSole Proprietorship, Partnership, or Corporation1822 Words   |  8 Pages BUSINESS PROSPECTS OF â€Å"THE THUNKER† Elizabeth Alfred Bus105 October 2010 BUSINESS PROSPECTS OF â€Å"THE THUNKER† 2 Business owners can form sole proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations. Each type of business entity has its pros and cons that can have a significant impact on the business and its owners. When considering a new product for a saturated market such as the clicker or the three-prongedRead MoreAcme Fireworks Is A Sole Proprietorship1770 Words   |  8 Pages Acme Fireworks is a sole proprietorship that has recently attracted the attention of larger retailers who desire to place large reoccurring orders. It is necessary to ascertain if Acme Fireworks can fulfill these orders and what will be necessary to fulfill such great volumes. In this proposal, I will Determine if the contracts with the businesses will be governed by common law or the Uniform Commercial Code, Analyze whether the verbal agreement discussed between the owner and retailer meetsRead MoreThe Company : A Sole Proprietorship1761 Words   |  8 PagesPaula Moraru’s Submission for LIT1 TASK1 PART A SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: It is an unincorporated business with one owner who pays personal income tax on profits from the business. With little government regulation, they are the simplest business to set up or take apart, making them popular among individual self contractors or business owners. The benefit of the sole proprietorship is the tax advantage. The disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is obtaining capital funding. Liability: Owner is liableRead MoreDescription Of A Sole Proprietorship2552 Words   |  11 Pages Sole Proprietorship Description A Sole Proprietorship is a business solely possessed by one person. The individual owner makes all the decisions and is held accountable for any matters pertaining to the business. An example of this is a lawsuit, due to the fact that legally the identity of the owner and the business is one and same. As a result of this lack of separation often times the owner is not required to register as a business unless a fake name is in use or certain services requiringRead MoreCompany Analysis : Sole Proprietorship1715 Words   |  7 PagesSole Proprietorship is the simplest and most common type of business structure that is owned and operated by one person solely. For this type of structure, legally there is no distinction between this person and the business. Liability – The owner is solely responsible for the debts that the sole proprietary business incurs and all actions or decisions made by self or employees. Income Taxes – All income and losses for the sole proprietorship business are reported to the IRS via the owner’s personalRead MoreEssay on Bus5611009 Words   |  5 Pagestrade marking implementation within the company. Sole proprietorship First, Betty has a decision to make on choosing a business form. Many business forms exist, but one should wisely choose his or her method. Sole proprietorship is the route many business people decide to take. Today, it has made a big impact on their businesses. According to recent research, â€Å"The easiest way to start-up your business is to operate it as a sole proprietorship. No formal action is required to form it, otherRead MoreTo Build or Buy1696 Words   |  7 Pagesclient base established, therefore maximizing the chances of success by the new owner (The Advantages of buying an Existing Business). The most appropriate ownership for this business would be the sole proprietorship, because it will be managed and owned by one individual. Sole Proprietorships are easy and can be formed quickly. For my financial situation this is perfect form of ownership. In most cases entrepreneurs can obtain business licenses from state, county, and local governments and beginRead More business plan Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pages† Statement of Purpose nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The purpose of this business plan is to support a request for a 75,000 five-year bank loan to purchase equipment and inventory as part of the financing for a start-up sole proprietorship, Fast ‘n Fresh Premiun Ice Cream Parlor. The business will be owned by Daniel W. Beese and will be located in leased space at 858 Success Ave in the new Riverside Faire shopping center, Jacksonville, FL 32211. The owner will provide a minimumRead MoreSmall Business and Secret Acres Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationships with its customers and employees Simplified Record Keeping Independence Ability to adapt to change Enjoying the advantages of sole proprietorship (Being your own boss, being able to keep all the profits, the ease and low cost of going into business or maybe out of business, the ability to keep some business information secret), if you are the sole owner of a small business, you really don’t have to report to anyone as you would in a big business. Disadvantages: Risk of Failure Limited

Ethics Reflection Paper - 767 Words

Ethics Reflection STR/581 Ethics Reflection Ethics have played a role in how companies have done business and conducted themselves but not as much as when Enron, WorldCom, Arthur Anderson were in the spot light for fraud. The companies hid valuable information from internal and external stakeholder and stockholders alike. The employees lost their retirement or at least some of their retirement to these unethical actions of top executives. The researcher will explain the role that ethics and social reasonability has on developing a strategic plan and how her ethical responsibilities have changed because of her education in this program. Ethics and Social Responsibility in Strategic Planning According to Pearce and Robinson, 2011,†¦show more content†¦As mentioned earlier there were some companies that did practice some unethical actions that went against the strategy this in turn made other companies, employees, customers, stakeholders, and investors have a bad view of companies like these. Researcher’s Ethical Perspective This researcher has taken the assessment in a previous ethics course, and she is surprised to see that her viewpoints had little change. According to Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory Assessment, 2012, â€Å"Her ethical perspective tends to lean toward the individual’s duty or obligation to do what is morally right and principles that represent what rational persons ought morally to do.† She believes that ethical conduct has consciences. The assessment states that ethical principle is always important no matter what circumstances, respectful of human dignity, promoting individual freedom and autonomy. According to Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory Assessment, 2012, â€Å"No one should ever be treated as a means to the accomplishment of some defined end, because the end does not justify the means.† According to Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory Assessment, 2012, â€Å"Her ethical style is that human beings have intrinsic value, and he or she has a right to individual respect.† So she is lessShow MoreRelatedEthics Reflection Paper785 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: ETHICS REFLECTION Ethics Reflection STR/581 Ethics Reflection In the last decade ethics has taken an important place in corporate America after some unethical and fraudulent business practices getting uncovered. Few companies’ such as Tyco, Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom have made their name synonymous with corporate fraud. Unethical behavior of top executives like Bernard Madoff and Martha Stewart can sink the whole company. This paper will explainRead MoreReflection Paper On Ethics Reflection1730 Words   |  7 PagesEthics Reflection and Application Paper Laws, rules, and guidelines, whether implicit or explicit, have always existed to govern human behavior in both civilized and uncivilized societies. They may range from either Draconian or to Utopian in style and delivery, but they do exist. Some people view laws, rules, and guidelines as an infringement upon their rights as an individual to operate and function as they see fit while others view them as a necessary evil to maintain order and peace. One thingRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper818 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: ETHICS REFLECTION PAPER Ethics Reflection Paper STR/581 September 30, 2012 Ethics Reflection Paper Social responsibility and ethics are essential elements in establishing a strategic plan while contemplating the needs of stakeholders. Social responsibility and ethics should be conceived as fundamental strategic concerns within organizations. Social responsibility and ethics have the potentiality to help an organization succeedRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1082 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Reflection Paper Lourdes Munoz STR/581 Strategic Planning Implementation September 2nd, 2010 Gary Solomon Abstract Ethics and Social responsibility resides in an important set of our own personal values. When it comes to Business matter and operation the customer must feel confidence and this has been taken for granted several times on recent corporate scandals and collapses, a perfect example of missed conducted ethic and responsibility is Enron. Is extremely important for companiesRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1094 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Reflection Paper STR/581 July 26, 2010 University of Phoenix Ethics Reflection Paper Before WorldCom and Enron, many organizations unconditionally placed social and ethical responsibility with administrative legal and compliance obligations, regulations and rules. Today, a company’s ethical behavior is vital to the success of the company. Consumers not only expect but demand that a company is visible in their practices and are held accountable for their actions; be itRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1087 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Reflection Paper Ethics and social responsibility are key factors when planning one’s personal life or planning for the success of a business. When companies develop strategic plans, they must consider what role ethics will play and how social responsibility will affect the plan keeping stakeholders need at the forefront. If businesses and individuals are making a conscious effort to display ethical behavior, ethical perspectives and beliefs should evolve over time much like what has happenedRead MoreReflection And Philosophy Paper On Ethics1284 Words   |  6 PagesReflection and Philosophy Paper Michael Odom Institution Affiliation â€Æ' Reflection and Philosophy Paper In my personal and professional life, I have found that I subscribe to Deontology for an ethical theory. However, I did not come to hold this belief through detailed introspection in a moral philosophy classroom. Rather, it was part of the values that were inculcated in me by my father throughout my childhood. In particular, he always insisted on the importance of thinking about my actions inRead MoreEthics and Communication Reflection Paper1274 Words   |  6 Pagespatient education which was not completely addressed. Therefore in this paper I will be discussing the impact a nurse may have had on the case study, areas of shortage where I felt a nurse would have addressed the issue better, ethical positions that were dominantly discussed in the discussion and ways in which this case study contributed to the role of a nurse in areas of advocacy. â€Æ' Ethics Communication Reflection Paper Nurse as an Advocate The Case Study exercise allowed us to take a role thatRead MoreReflection Paper On Business Ethics2881 Words   |  12 Pages Arion 1 Anthony Arion Reflection Paper Business Ethics Jeffrey Muldoon, PhD 1 December 2015 Declaring a major in college is a big deal, but declaring that one is majoring in Business gives a whole new meaning to the word. About midway through the class, like a light bulb turned on, the true realization that there is much more to a business when you consider where you want to work or where you want to shop is a direct result of my BU 293: Ethics, Social Responsibility, and SustainabilityRead MorePersonal Ethics Reflection Paper2135 Words   |  9 PagesEthics is the study of how humans are in relationships with themselves and others (2012). Strong ethics comes from building community, respecting others, serving others, showing justice, and manifesting honesty (2016). With the ethical lens inventory, I believe in looking at relationships and life through a blend of responsibilities, rights and results. These ethical lenses are why I like to use my personal reasoning skills and intuition to balance between living into my flexible principles and determining

To What Extent Should We Place Trust in the Government These Days Free Essays

To what extent should we place trust in the government these days? It is said by American President Barack Obama, †If the people cannot trust their government to do the job for which it exists – to protect them and to promote their common welfare – all else is lost. † From here, we know the importance of people putting trust in their government. However, we can only place trust in them if they are able to take care of their citizens, fulfilling their needs and acting responsibly in the best interest of the citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Should We Place Trust in the Government These Days? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recently, there seem to be an increase in reasons for us to distrust our government for they are fulfilling less of their duties as the leaders of the nation. Firstly, we should remain skeptical about the government due to the simple fact that the government comprises of humans, and as we all know, no human is perfect. As Gandhi said, †Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed. † With scientific research stating that the humans are born to be greedy, the innate greed in the government officials might be a dangerous trait. For the government, their greed would result in various forms of corruption such as bribery and extortion, negatively impacting the lives of the citizens. For example in sub-Saharan African nations, about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors. Instead they were lavished to support the costly high-end lives of the government officials. This problem is not only limited to the developing countries. World wide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually. Due to the innate greed in human nature, it is evident that many times, the government will not do what is best for the people. Instead, they would think of themselves first, thus we should not place our complete trust in the government. Secondly, governments are no longer taking care of the needs of the citizens as well as they did. There are basic needs that one should be entitled to, needs such as education and healthcare, and the government should ensure that its citizens get those needs. However, these days many countries are unable to fulfill their citizens’ needs. In countries such as Greece, level of healthcare accessible to the public has also been on the decrease due to the recent economic crisis. Five austerity programmes within the space of two and a half years have reduced the health system in Greece to the level of a developing country and stripped working people of the basic right to adequate medical care. Most hospitals lack essential basic materials such as disposable gloves, plaster and catheters. Poorer women have to give birth at home because they cannot afford a hospital birth, which can cost â‚ ¬700-â‚ ¬1,500. On top of that, control of infectious diseases is no longer guaranteed due to the lower standards of hygiene throughout Greece. Chronic respiratory diseases, skin diseases and tuberculosis are all on the increase. Outbreaks of malaria infections have been reported in five parts of the country, although the disease had been thought be eradicated in 1974. It can be seen that the government do not have the ability to ensure the basic wellbeing of their citizens thus we should place less trust in the government these days. Thirdly, in many countries, governments are restricting many of the basic rights of people. These rights belong without presumption or cost of privilege to all human beings. However, in many countries, in the excuse to protect national security, the government often stripped the citizens of those rights. Under these kind of circumstances, it is of no surprise why the citizens might not trust the government. For example, in China, the freedom of speech in media and press is largely limited. They have strict censorship rules that include all capable of reaching a wide audience including television, print media, Internet, text messaging and even video games. These rules will greatly limit the ability for press to act as the 4th estate in the country and their ability to keep the government in check. After the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, many people who tried to report on the shabby construction of schools faced severed punishment. Liu Shaokun, a Sichuan school teacher, was detained for disseminating rumors and destroying social order after taking photos of collapsed school buildings, and putting them online. With these kind of censorship rules in placed, the citizens would no longer have the faith and confidence in their government as they are denied of the truth of the happenings in their country. Thus, less trust are placed in the government these days. However, there are some people who feel that there has been an increase in trust in the government. 2012 Edelman Trust Barometer conducted by Edelman Public Relations has revealed that Singaporeans are the third most trusting of their government. They account this to the strong economy, high social security and high standard of living in Singapore. Despite those statistics, the new generation of Singaporeans are placing less and less trust in the government. The parliament of Singapore was traditionally dominated by People’s Action Party and the decrease in trust in the leading party was seen when Worker’s Party, an opposition party, won it’s first Group Representation Constituency in the 2011 general elections. The recent political scandals in Singapore have shaken the trust placed in the government too. Just a month ago, member of parliament, Michael Palmer, announced his resignation after confessing he had an extramarital affair with a community worker. This caused various debates among the citizens that questions the credibility of the parliament speakers. These debates further illustrates the declining trust placed in the government. In conclusion, I feel that people around the world are beginning to lose trust in the government. They no longer feel that the government is able to act to their best interest and that their needs are not fulfilled. They are beginning to be unsure of their government’s choices and question the transparency of their leaders. Thus, I do not think that we should trust our government to a large extent. How to cite To What Extent Should We Place Trust in the Government These Days?, Essay examples To What Extent Should We Place Trust in the Government These Days Free Essays To what extent should we place trust in the government these days? It is said by American President Barack Obama, †If the people cannot trust their government to do the job for which it exists – to protect them and to promote their common welfare – all else is lost. † From here, we know the importance of people putting trust in their government. However, we can only place trust in them if they are able to take care of their citizens, fulfilling their needs and acting responsibly in the best interest of the citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Should We Place Trust in the Government These Days? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recently, there seem to be an increase in reasons for us to distrust our government for they are fulfilling less of their duties as the leaders of the nation. Firstly, we should remain skeptical about the government due to the simple fact that the government comprises of humans, and as we all know, no human is perfect. As Gandhi said, †Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed. † With scientific research stating that the humans are born to be greedy, the innate greed in the government officials might be a dangerous trait. Government Regulation on Media in America iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/government-regulation-on-media-in-america/embed/#?secret=Ms4FVMbd0X" data-secret="Ms4FVMbd0X" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Government Regulation on Media in America#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe For the government, their greed would result in various forms of corruption such as bribery and extortion, negatively impacting the lives of the citizens. For example in sub-Saharan African nations, about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors. Instead they were lavished to support the costly high-end lives of the government officials. This problem is not only limited to the developing countries. World wide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually. Due to the innate greed in human nature, it is evident that many times, the government will not do what is best for the people. Instead, they would think of themselves first, thus we should not place our complete trust in the government. Secondly, governments are no longer taking care of the needs of the citizens as well as they did. There are basic needs that one should be entitled to, needs such as education and healthcare, and the government should ensure that its citizens get those needs. However, these days many countries are unable to fulfill their citizens’ needs. In countries such as Greece, level of healthcare accessible to the public has also been on the decrease due to the recent economic crisis. Five austerity programmes within the space of two and a half years have reduced the health system in Greece to the level of a developing country and stripped working people of the basic right to adequate medical care. Most hospitals lack essential basic materials such as disposable gloves, plaster and catheters. Poorer women have to give birth at home because they cannot afford a hospital birth, which can cost â‚ ¬700-â‚ ¬1,500. On top of that, control of infectious diseases is no longer guaranteed due to the lower standards of hygiene throughout Greece. Chronic respiratory diseases, skin diseases and tuberculosis are all on the increase. Outbreaks of malaria infections have been reported in five parts of the country, although the disease had been thought be eradicated in 1974. It can be seen that the government do not have the ability to ensure the basic wellbeing of their citizens thus we should place less trust in the government these days. Thirdly, in many countries, governments are restricting many of the basic rights of people. These rights belong without presumption or cost of privilege to all human beings. However, in many countries, in the excuse to protect national security, the government often stripped the citizens of those rights. Under these kind of circumstances, it is of no surprise why the citizens might not trust the government. For example, in China, the freedom of speech in media and press is largely limited. They have strict censorship rules that include all capable of reaching a wide audience including television, print media, Internet, text messaging and even video games. These rules will greatly limit the ability for press to act as the 4th estate in the country and their ability to keep the government in check. After the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, many people who tried to report on the shabby construction of schools faced severed punishment. Liu Shaokun, a Sichuan school teacher, was detained for disseminating rumors and destroying social order after taking photos of collapsed school buildings, and putting them online. With these kind of censorship rules in placed, the citizens would no longer have the faith and confidence in their government as they are denied of the truth of the happenings in their country. Thus, less trust are placed in the government these days. However, there are some people who feel that there has been an increase in trust in the government. 2012 Edelman Trust Barometer conducted by Edelman Public Relations has revealed that Singaporeans are the third most trusting of their government. They account this to the strong economy, high social security and high standard of living in Singapore. Despite those statistics, the new generation of Singaporeans are placing less and less trust in the government. The parliament of Singapore was traditionally dominated by People’s Action Party and the decrease in trust in the leading party was seen when Worker’s Party, an opposition party, won it’s first Group Representation Constituency in the 2011 general elections. The recent political scandals in Singapore have shaken the trust placed in the government too. Just a month ago, member of parliament, Michael Palmer, announced his resignation after confessing he had an extramarital affair with a community worker. This caused various debates among the citizens that questions the credibility of the parliament speakers. These debates further illustrates the declining trust placed in the government. In conclusion, I feel that people around the world are beginning to lose trust in the government. They no longer feel that the government is able to act to their best interest and that their needs are not fulfilled. They are beginning to be unsure of their government’s choices and question the transparency of their leaders. Thus, I do not think that we should trust our government to a large extent. How to cite To What Extent Should We Place Trust in the Government These Days?, Papers

Occupational Health and Safety for Skin Diseases- myassignmenthelp

Question:j Discuss about theOccupational Health and Safety for Skin Diseases. Answer: Introduction The aim of this paper is to find the main causes of the skin diseases in work occupation and try to come up with a solution to the same problem. This paper will evaluate the main causes of skin diseases in hairdressing industry (Lyons, et al., 2013). It will focus on few comparisons of whether this industry is the leading cause of skin diseases or compared to other industries. Its objectives include determining the type of skin disease commonly associated with hairdressing activities, assessing the factors that contribute to the skin infection in the industry and establish the possible ways to reduce skin diseases in the industry. It is nearly impossible to find an organization or industry without skin related diseases due to the fact that skin is greatly exposed to chemicals and other contaminants making it very important to focus on. Skin diseases are categorized into three broad groups. These are Allergic contact dermatitis, Irritant contact dermatitis, and other related skin diseases. Occupational diseases are those long-lasting diseases believed to result from work or occupational activities. A disease can be termed occupational disease typically when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given body of workers than it is in the general public, or in the other worker bodies (Mose, et al., 2012). Occupational skin diseases rank the top five occupational diseases in many countries in the world. Statistics show that Occupational skin diseases account for 15% to 20% of all the occupational related diseases (Diepgen, 2012). Skin diseases are categorized into three broad groups. These are Allergic contact dermatitis, Irritant contact dermatitis, and other related skin diseases. The manifestation of occupational skin diseases (hand dermatitis) in the barber and hairdressers started way back in 1898 and today contribute up to 70 percent with barbers and hairdressers getting some form of skin diseases in the careers(Lyons, et al.,2013). These two occupations contract the diseases through getting exposed to bleaches and allergens as well as other irritants. The other causes of these diseases are pre-existing sensitive skin also known as atopic dermatitis. Any individual or student with the skin sensitivity or pre-existing atopic dermatitis should be able to choose between contracting diseases in hairdressing career or choose a fresh one. Otherwise, they will have to wear protective gloves and take other precaution to keep safe all through. It is feared that over 14% of students in hairdressing school in the UK drop their career in second years of their training due to contact dermatitis (Apfelbacher, et al., 2009). Allergic contact Dermatitis is also known as contact allergy. This disease is caused by allergic reaction to certain allergic materials. These materials (allergen) come in contact with the skin and if the skin is allergic to the allergen they contract the disease and vice versa (Kezic, Visser, Verberk, 2009). Women are more vulnerable than men to contract allergic contact dermatitis reason being nickel allergy, and most recently acrylate allergy for nail cosmetics.A high percentage of young children are also allergic to nickel. Patients over 70 years old have a contact allergy to topical antibiotics. In addition to hairdressing, this disease is commonly found in other industries such as metal workers, beauticians, cleaners, florists and health care workers (Lysdal, et al., 2011). This disease, allergic contact dermatitis is a group of delayed hypersensitivity reaction or type 4 occurs in 48-72 hours after exposure to the allergen. Allergic dermatitis is caused by the mechanism involving CD4+, which is able to detect an antigen on the surfaces of skin which in turn releases cytokines that activate the immune system and cause the disease. Contact dermatitis occurs only from an allergen surfaced on the skin and not from internal sources with few people reacting on to a specific allergen which is harmless to those who are not allergic to it(Xu, et al., 2009). There are symptoms showing infection of dermatitis and they are itchy red face as a result of contact with methylisothiazolinone (a preserve of wash-off hair products plus baby wipes), swelling and blistering of neck or face as a result of permanent hair dye body reaction, eczema in skin and also swelling and blistering to most exposed parts of the body (Skudlik, et al., 2012). Allergic contact dermatitis is harmful and needs to be treated regularly by fast knowing which substance react in which way with your body. Identifying the allergen that causes you harm is important to avoid it as it is too persistent in life-long. The longer the person exposes to severe allergic contact dermatitis, the longer the longer it will take to cure after the treatment. Irritant contact dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis where the skin is wounded by friction, cold, too much exposure to moisture (hydration), acids, alkalis, etc.(Behroozy, Keegel, 2014). It occurs when acids damage the skin surface faster than the skin is able to repair itself. The oils and moisture in the skin outer layer are removed allowing these chemical irritants to enter the skin deeply and cause further inflammation due to the inner damages. Factors that enabling severity are the amount and strength of irritants, skin size thickness, thinness, oily, previously damaged etc. environmental factors such as high/low temperatures or humidity as well as the length of exposure frequency. There are symptoms that show a skin has been affected by these irritants and are dribble rash around the mouth or baby chin, finger underneath the ring, dry irritable skin, itching and dryness of skin, hardening of the skin, pain when stretching the skin etc. However it should be noted that there is no specific indication of irritant contact dermatitis and in any case, it may result from accumulation effects of multiple irritants. To treat this disease use emollient creams, topical steroids, and antibiotics for secondary infection. It is also advisable to look for more treatment options. (Xu, et al., 2009). Australian government lacks mandatory to register for the occupational skin diseases unlike other countries like Germany and Finland. This makes it hard to know the incidences of skin disease infections amongst Australian workers correctly. If there is a register it would provide with useful information on those workers with high rates of Occupational skin diseases as well as enabling substance identification causing occupational skin diseases. Through the work of Rosemary Nixon, Dermatologist and Occupational Physician, Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor at Monarch University Safe Worker Australia contributed funding for the establishment of a national database for occupational skin diseases (Skudlik, et al., 2012). The database has not yet been developed which is expected to be created by collecting patch testing data and employees terms of employment and the demographic information from those who are diagnosed with the disease in testing clinics of Australia. The clinics are yet to be equipped with software designed specifically for capturing data from the patients records, hence raising the understanding of occupational skin diseases as it is feared many patients with the disease has not been diagnosed and treated by a specialist in this field. A most recent Australian paper of 2012, has reported that there were over 10000 worker compensation claims for occupational contact dermatitis in a span of nine years since 2009. A typical compensation for the case was about $3000. Canadian researchers have suggested after the 2009 study that concluded that cleaners are more likely to develop dermatitis than those that dont, that employers should adopt safety skin-care training as a way to prevent the occurrences. The other was suggested to prevent the occupational skin diseases includes creating a healthy and healthy workplace. This is done by assessing whether there are threats in your workplace by looking at how people operate. Practicing good skin care using proper skin cleansers, with the ability to moisturize your skin could help reduce the risks of contracting the disease. In addition, employers should talk to their employees about the issues concerning skin hazards as well as consulting a doctor when the need arises (Skudlik, et al., 2012) There are Australian codes which provide with the methodology for implementing safety and reduce risks associated with irritants. These codes are to be used by the government and land developers in public and private sectors to manage water resources, planning development, creating awareness and achieve specific goals which are relate to the developers relating with the requirement of the water sensitive urban design (WSUD) respectively (Diepgen, et al., 2009). Conclusion The most common types of occupational skin diseases associated with the hairdressing industries are Allergic contact Dermatitis is also known as contact allergy and is caused by allergic reaction and Irritant contact dermatitis amongst other related skin diseases. It is important to note from the information provided earlier that Occupational skin diseases account for 15% to 20% of other occupational related diseases. If serious measures are taken by the Australian government and other government just like Germany and Finland will implement the establishment of national databases for occupational skin diseases and help specialist clinics to take their work seriously by providing with the needed Software there will be more people safe from occupational skin diseases. In conclusion, there is no evidence that shows that hairdressing industry could be the leading source of occupational skin diseases. Therefore a, more research needs to be done to determine where risks greatly fall. References Apfelbacher, C. J., Soder, S., Diepgen, T. L., Weisshaar, E. (2009). The impact of measures for secondary individual prevention of work?related skin diseases in health care workers: 1?year follow?up study. Contact Dermatitis, 60(3), 144-149. Behroozy, A., Keegel, T. G. (2014). Wet-work exposure: the main risk factor for occupational hand dermatitis. Safety and health at work, 5(4), 175-180. Diepgen, T. L. (2012). Occupational skin diseases. JDDG: Journal der DeutschenDermatologischenGesellschaft, 10(5), 297-315. Diepgen, T. L., Elsner, P., Schliemann, S., Fartasch, M., Kllner, A., Skudlik, C., ... Worm, M. (2009). Guideline on the ManagementManagement of Hand Eczema ICD?10 Code: L20. L23. L24. L25. L30. JDDG: Journal der DeutschenDermatologischenGesellschaft, 7(s3). Kezic, S., Visser, M. J., Verberk, M. M. (2009).Individual susceptibility to occupational contact dermatitis. Industrial Health, 47(5), 469-478. Lyons, G., Keegel, T., Palmer, A., Nixon, R. (2013). Occupational dermatitis in hairdressers: do they claim workers' compensation?.Contact dermatitis, 68(3), 163-168. Lyons, G., Roberts, H., Palmer, A., Matheson, M., Nixon, R. (2013).Hairdressers presenting to an occupational dermatology clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Contact Dermatitis, 68(5), 300-306. Lysdal, S. H., Ssted, H., Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D. (2011). Hand eczema in hairdressers: a Danish register?based study of the prevalence of hand eczema and its career consequences. Contact Dermatitis, 65(3), 151-158. Mose, A. P., Lundov, M. D., Zachariae, C., Menn, T., Veien, N. K., Laurberg, G., ...Mortz, C. G. (2012). Occupational contact dermatitis in paintersan analysis of patch test data from the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group. Contact Dermatitis, 67(5), 293-297. Skudlik, C., Weisshaar, E., Scheidt, R., Elsner, P., Wulfhorst, B., Schnfeld, M., ...Diepgen, T. L. (2012). First results from the multicentre study rehabilitation of occupational skin diseasesoptimization and quality assurance of inpatient management (ROQ). Contact Dermatitis, 66(3), 140-147. Xu, X., Yang, R., Wu, N., Zhong, P., Ke, Y., Zhou, L., ... Wu, B. (2009). Severe hypersensitivity dermatitis and liver dysfunction induced by occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Industrial health, 47(2), 107-112.

Contemporary approaches to leadership theory Essay Example

Contemporary approaches to leadership theory Paper Trait theory based on the qualities of the leaders where it means that ‘leaders are born, not made. ’ Leaders consist of different qualities where for an effective leader some qualities like judgment, drive, fairness, energy, initiative, human relation skill and foresight. This theory is discredited more or less. Behavioral theories The styles of leadership are the collections of leadership behavior that are used in different conditions in different ways. Among many classifications of styles, leadership styles are extent to the focus to the leaders whether this is task/performance based or relationship/people based. Two models describes the key terms: Asridge model: Tells: Here all the decisions are made and issues are instructed by the leader that must be followed. Sells: though still all the decisions are made by the leader but subordinates are motivated here to accept those rather than being emphasized. Consults: here ideas are conferred by the leaders with subordinates by taking their view though the final saying is retained by the leaders. Joins: leaders and subordinates both take part in decision making based on the consensus. Blake and Mounton’s managerial grid: Two basic dimensions of leadership have been observed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton through their research one of which is concern for production and the other is concern for people. Mangers could be located from very low to very high concern at any point on a continuum along any of these two dimensions. Various permutations are observed in these two concerns that are not correlated. These permutations are modeled as a grid by Blake and Mouton. Concerns for people are represented by one axis and concern for production is represented by another. We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary approaches to leadership theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary approaches to leadership theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary approaches to leadership theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nine points from 1(low) to 9 (high) are allotted to each axis. 1. Transformational theories are based on the reaction of a leader in any transactional situation in contrast with the transformational situation. Where transactional theory is based on the rewards and punishment system, transformational leadership focuses on the other hand to a bigger picture heading to the achievement of a common goal. Again the types of leadership style are also focused by the transformational theory. MS Leadership case: MS is the leading UK retail giant especially in the clothing sector. The company was founded in 1884 in Leeds by Michael Marks and Thomas Spenser in Leeds. Now the company has 700 outlets United Kingdom and another 300 stores are flagged in 40 countries throughout the world. Company’s headquarter is based in London. Different attributes of MS leaders are as follows: Greenbury acted like a task manager (9,1) in respect to some aspects like unilateral, push people for only profit, eavesdropping and good reward in finance based on the team morale. The action of Bostock and Rose were like a team manager (9,9). They insisted on the unity of the team, motivation and confidence of people for the effective results. They used both directive/task focused and supportive/ people-focused attitude. Again, Greenbury and Salesbury are considered as autocratic where Rose played a role of a consultive leader. Bostock was democratic in his leadership approach. The history of MS is based on the autocracy culture. Though Greenbury tried to alter it to the consults/join approach by encouraging of board meeting and involving people but due to the strong base of autocratic style, he stepped behind. Rose followed tells style especially during solving problems. Both of them used sells and consult approach in some contexts. Determine leadership approaches relevant for the 21st century, drawing on theories and tools as practiced by leading international organizations. In the 21st century, a new leadership approach has emerged based on the bottom-up transformation that is inspired by building community and also by shared power. Three themes are implicated in this framework: Shared leadership: According to this leadership, everybody has the qualities of leadership inside and can pool and drawn upon this during necessity specially while working in a group on any vital common issue. Leadership as relationship This theme is based on the idea of relationship network and on the concepts of partnership, empowerment and service. Leadership in community This leadership assumes the community as the conceptual setting where the relationship of leadership occurs. According to Farkas and De Becker, leaders can lead in five ways: Strategic Approach The top strategist is the Chief Executive of any company who envisions the future systematically and map out specifically the way to get there. Human Asset Approach Success is managed by the Chief Executive with the help of policies of people, principles and programs. Expertise Approach A particular propriety expertise is championed by the Chief Executive what is then utilized for focusing the organization. Box Approach A set of rules, procedures, systems and values are developed by the Chief Executive in order to control behavior and results within the well defined constrains. Change Approach The Chief Executive behaves as a radical change agent with the transformation of bureaucracies within the organization embracing the new and different approach. With the entrance of 21st century, the predictions of the concept of leadership development are seemed as follows: 1. Leadership is for all – every individual in the present organization is a team member and a manager as well. For this reason, leadership is needed to be learnt and exhibited by everyone. 2. Learning is involved in leadership – leaders always discover new knowledge and know the way of sharing it with others. With the spread of learning culture, leadership can be shown more than ever before. 3. Leadership is based on team – Though every organization maintains the hierarchy and it will be exist, but the best organizations always empower their members to become a leader. 4. Leadership is not authoritarian – in this 21st century, the authority of an individual is counted by his/her saying but not with his/her status. Here, leaders communicate with people but to people. New way of leadership is the outcome of new way of communication. 5. Followership is included in Leadership– leadership responsibility may be more or less person to person but every individual will learn from others. The experience of becoming a contributor will be possessed by everybody. Explore and examine your own personal and managerial effectiveness within an organisation through a process of personal reflection. Leadership Development Through Experience 1. The people I personally work with I am stimulated to the development by the people I always work with. They play a vital role both in my personal and professional life. According to Kouzes and Posner, ‘‘other people have always been important guidance sources. Our parents always provide us with advice and supports, our curiosity for any favourite subject was developed by any particular teacher, we tinkered in the garage with the help of our neighbour, we were motivated and promised to give our best to our coaches, we were given important feedback by our counsellor on our attribute and its affect, the master of art instructs us in the basic of craft, our first boss taught us to skip the ropes and hoops to jump. ’ I am learning about the leadership whether it is effective or not by being attentive to my surrounding models who may be my immediate boss. I am taught what to do or not to do with help of watching the leadership roles of others. Again, through the close alliance with any experienced individual who is referred as mentor and by taking me under his/her wing, valuable perspectives and insights can be achieved by me. Executive coaching is extensively becoming a common responsibility of all the executives to the managers who report them and it is also relevant to monitoring. Again it is regarded as an investment to change counterproductive attribute, always interpersonal which is the threat of derailing a valued manger. Development of Leadership Through Task 1. The task itself The task of development is always vague and more complex. The development of leadership can be increased with changing of work environment. New and creative solutions may be needed for the nature of task. The strategic planning project can be intellectually challenging and can contribute to the development of the leaders. Those development opportunities are the best where individuals are stretched and allowed to test themselves against any new and hard task. Some factors impacts on any task whether it is developmentally challenging or not or high level of pressure is generated. These factors include deadlines, requirements of travel, more hours and an unpredictable task where both there is a possibility of both success and failure. All the employees may not be provided with the same development opportunities by the organization what is the aspect of the task of leadership development. There is an outstanding difference between large and small organizations in particular in what opportunities they offer. Leadership Development Through Education 1. Courses of University in leadership The training program of leadership is now a day included in many universities particularly in the extracurricular activities. Personality traits, behaviours of leadership, motivation, values and different leadership theories are included in those courses for describing the process of leadership. Method of standard lecture is used in several courses. Again students are provided with individualised feedback in some courses in the form of intelligence, values, personality and ratings of leadership behaviour. Several situations of leadership are described in the case studies that are used as the conveyer of the leadership discussions. Another method is role playing where participants are assigned to play a role in a job related scenario. Trainees are thus helped to practice relevant skills. 1. Training programmes of leadership The contents of such programs are more focused and the programs are normally very short. They include lectures, case studies and role playing exercise for the improvement of leadership. Four different teaching methods provide effective training. These include personal growth, building of skill, feedback and conceptual awareness. Develop an in-depth understanding of the principles of change and the organisational change process. Change management is termed as a structured way for the transition of individuals, teams and organizations from the present to expected desired future state. There are 10 principles of change management according to John Jones, DeAnne Aguirre and Mathew Calderone : Systematically addressing the human side: 1. The approach of change management should be fully integrated into the design of program and making decision that leads to make strategic decision. Any people issues should be dealt step by step for putting speed, morale and outcome at any risk. Start at the top 1. Change should be embraced first by the top leader of any organization like CEO for taking challenge and for motivating others. They should be model to the expected behaviors and should speak in one voice. Involving each layer 1. Leaders should be identified and trained in each layer of change efforts and they must be aligned to the vision of the company. they also should be equipped for executing particular mission and should be motivated for making change happened. Making the formal case 1. As the individuals are rational inherently, formal case can be articulated and written version statement can be created that will ensure the alignment between team and leadership. Creating ownership 1. Ownership can be best created with the involvement of people to identify problems and to craft solutions. It can be tangible or psychological and is is reinforced by incentives and rewards. Communicating the message 1. Change programs can be best where core messages are reinforced through regular and timely advice which is both practical and inspirational. The flow of communication moves out from the top to bottom and employees are provided with the right information at the right time that helps soliciting their input and feedback. This communications require multiple and redundant channels. Evaluating the cultural landscape 1. Leaders are accounted for culture at each organizational level through the successful change program where speed and intensity are picked up when they flow down. Cultural diagnostics helps to assess the readiness of organization to the change, bring key issues, identify conflicts and define factors of recognizing the leadership and resistance sources. Addressing culture clearly 1. The culture and underlying behaviors should be cleared by the leaders that support the new business method. Opportunities for rewarding those behaviors are also found by the leaders. A cultural change can be kicked start effectively with the understanding that all companies posses a cultural centre. Preparation for the unexpected 1. Effective change management continuously reassesses the impact of the unexpected reaction of people, willingness of organization and ability of adopting the next transformation. Momentum can be maintained with the real data from the field and solid decision making. Speaking to the people 1. People want to know about the change, the expectation towards them and their performance assessment process. Leaders need to be cleared and honest about this all. Rewards should be promoted as dramatic reinforcement to embrace change.

The Natural by Bernard Malamud essays

The Natural by Bernard Malamud essays In his novel, "The Natural", Bernard Malamud presents a paradox of a character in Roy Hobbs. Roy is a talented athlete who fails to live up to the worlds expectations of him despite his good intentions. For all of his physical tools, Roy cannot overcome his personal flaws, which finally bring hims down. It also becomes more apparent that these flaws include a lack of maturity outside of baseball, lack of a work ethic, and poor decision making. Malamud uses his story to represent talented people who waste their talent, and ultimately end up with nothing due to their own immaturity. When Memos has her first date with Roy, she asks Roy what is his goal in the life. She asks, But I dont understand why you should make so much of that. Are your values so-? (Malamud 150). Roys answer to this question is the same throughout the book. Whenever he is asked what his goals in life are, Roys answer is always to either to be the best, or to break as many records as possible. For Roy there is no life outside of baseball. His lack of maturity off the playing field is in stark contrast with his physical maturity on the field. He is oblivious to the fact that Memo has never had any true feelings for him until she tells him. You filthy scum, I hate your guts and always have since the day you killed Bump.(Malamud 230) Another woman Roy has trouble with is Iris Lemon. Iris is the only woman in Roys life who treats Roy with any respect. Her beauty and affection attract Roy, but her maturity finally drives her away. Roy is scared that beginning a relationship with Iris would force him to mature. He thought, I never did learn anything out of my past life, now I have to suffer again.(Malamud 230) This passage illustrates why Roy can be considered a modern day loser. He never learned from his past mistakes. When he was young he made some mistakes that cost him his shot at gre ...

Individual Law Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Law Project - Essay Example She was able to get a good idea of what he looked like the night that he assaulted and robbed her. Therefore it is the opinion of this author that the identification she made in the courtroom should not be waived as inadmissible but indeed should be brought to the courts attention as verifiable evidence that the defendant has been proven without a doubt to be the offender against the victim. Furthermore, the reason it is felt that the identification should be allowed as evidence is the fact that normally all cases that are involving crimes of armed robber, assault, and with intention to cause bodily harm are normally charged by the victim identifying the assailant so that there will be no room for doubt that the offender was indeed the person responsible for the act of the crime against another human being. In this case since the victim was able to pinpoint the offender in all three instances and therefore the court should see the validity in this and should agree that it provides the burden of proof to convict this individual. Without this type of evidence there would be no sure way to provide irrefutable evidence that the person did indeed commit the crime. ... tates that, if evidence is discovered by the use of an untainted source (which is the victim) then it can be admissible in a court of law (Dressler 2002). Due to the evidence and the way it was obtained, at this point it is irrefutable which is what makes an open and shut case and speeds up the judicial process in a way that minimizes court costs and the costs to the public as well. So, to summarize this particular criminal case the reason that the identification should be admissible is that it provides the burden of proof for prosecution of the offender. Also, there is no way that the gathered evidence was tainted either so there is no way to refute the identifying of the suspect. Case 2: Further Charges against Williams in Possible Armed Robbery In this case the issue is much more complex than ordinary arrests due to the way in which the suspect was taken into custody and how the search and seizure transpired as well. If the law follows the stipulations laid out by "The fruit of the poisonous tree" then it can be seen where the errors came into play. For instance, simply because this possible offender was asking his neighbor how to spell the word nitroglycerin does not necessarily mean he was responsible for the armed robbery at the bank. This gives the view that the evidence in this area would be tainted and inadmissible in court (Dressler 2002). Also due to the impact that the exclusionary rule holds, the gathering of the evidence appears to not have been done in a legal type of framework and with disregard for the offenders' constitutional rights as well which also poses a serious problem in the prosecution of this person (Boot 1997). Often criminals walk free due to the fact that violations of their rights can be proven in front of a judge and in

J.S. v. Blue Mountain School District and US v. Michael Anthony Essay

J.S. v. Blue Mountain School District and US v. Michael Anthony Marcavage, Appellant - Essay Example Michael Anthony Marcavage. The case was first filed in 2007 then the final decision took place in June 2010 in The Third Circuit. Michael Anthony filed an appeal against the Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia. In the first case two students from Blue Mountain School District were suspended. They had created a fake profile of their principal on MySpace. The eighth standard students did not mention the principal, James McGonigle’s name on the profile but they included his picture which they took from the website of the school district. They also identified this profile of a person who is a ‘principal’. The profile also contained many negative comments about McGonigle and his family along with characterizing the principal as a sex-obsesses paedophile. The school had thus determined that the students had violated the discipline of the school by creating a fake profile. The school discipline prohibited any student of making negative accusations of an y staff members of the school. Thus, the students were suspended from school for ten days. J.S. was one of those students who sued McMonigle the school district and his superintendent in account of violating her rights from the First Amendment. She argued that she could not be punished for her out-of-school conduct or speech which did not cause any disruption for the classes or administration. It was ruled that any out-of-school speech which affects the school campus could be punishable, even if the effect does not cause substantial disruption as decided in Tinker’s case in 1969. However, J.S. then appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. The Third Circuit held that in the Tinker case it was applied that a student’s speech, whether out-of-school campus or in school campus, that causes harm or threatens the school or any member of the school district is punishable. J.S. was granted an en branc rehearing for her appeal. The en branc reversed the decision of the District Court and held that there was an exception to Tinker’s case that the school district could not punish students for their 0ff campus speeches that have not affected the educational mission of school. Thus it was concluded that the school district held no authority to punish the students for their off campus behaviour or speech. In the second case, Marcavage had started an anti-abortionist demonstration with about twenty other people along the sidewalk of the Independence National Historical Park. He had not applied for any permission for the demonstration. The place where he demonstrated was the only entrance and exit access to the Liberty Bell Centre. They positioned themselves outside the entrance hindering the entrance and exit to the Liberty Bell Centre. Alan Saperstein was the ranger of the Park and he approached Marcavage asking him to relocate from the entrance and exit access to the area near the Visitor Centre on Market Street. He also ask ed Marcavage to stop using his bullhorn. Despite the requests Marcavage refused to relocate and continued his demonstrations. Saperstein approached him again with Ian Crane on the telephone line who was the chief ranger of the Park and who had dealt with Marcavage before too. Marcavage was ordered to obey Saperstein and relocate but he refused. Saperstein came several times and received negative responses from Marcavage who continued his demonstrations so finally Saperstein came with some other rangers and physically restrained Marcavage by holding his hands at his back and marching him off the sidewalk. Marcavage was accused of violating the permit terms and interfering with the agency functions. He

T-Bags Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

T-Bags - Essay Example T-Bags is a specialty teahouse concept offering a broad and creative selection of tea beverages and accompaniments at convenient and accessible locations in the Metropolitan areas. The company provides its customers with a new tea experience by creating a new context for the traditional idea of "afternoon tea". T-Bags is different to other tea-based businesses in the U.K. market today. Most teahouses in the U.K. are usually family businesses (passed through generations) located in the countryside, or if they are in the city area, they are upscale and are housed in high-end hotels. Essentially, T-Bags is based on the specialty espresso bar concept (like Starbucks) which is already rampant throughout the country. Like the espresso bar concept, the specialty teahouse has a strong product focus - tea. However, unlike the other traditional teahouses, T-Bags offers an usually wide menu range in an environment where customers are encouraged to explore different tea flavorings and blends brought in from all over the world. In the short term, The Company's goal is to implement this concept, first, in a retail outfit of less than 800 square feet. The Company's medium term goal will then be to pursue an aggressive expansion strategy in London and other major Metropolitan areas in the U.K. to create a strong brand identity. In the long term, The Company's goal is to become the leading brand of specialty teahouses in the U.K. Although The Company's key selling point is its wide product offerings, The Company is aware that other teahouses in the market today are also able to follow this product strategy. However, The Company's unique selling point which encompasses wide product offerings, a unique customer experience and customer loyalty cannot be easily copied. The following five elements will differentiate T-Bags from its competitors and foster customer loyalty. High Quality Product Offerings. T-Bags has scoured the best places in the world that produces quality tea leaves and the products offered are uncompromising. To complement the tea-drinking experience, T-Bags also offers high quality accompaniments like sweets and pastries sourced from the same regions as the tea in order to provide a consistent experience. Customer Service. Since this business concept is new to the U.K., it is important that first purchases from customers are followed by repeat businesses. Therefore, it is crucial that all employees understand the concept of the business in informing customers of the

Pollution And Its Effects

Pollution And Its Effects Contemporary world has been marked with so many changes and advancement through industrialization and development of new technologies. It is amazing the effects industrialization and technology advancements have caused. Nations have experienced improved techniques in production leading to increased production and consequently economic growth. Citizens have had their living standards through the increased production. Authors of papers and books have expressed their felt gratitude to industrialization and its effects as well as the improvement in technology. Nonetheless, many such authors do not leaning on one side but appreciate both the negative and positive effects of industrialization and improvement in the technology. Other than the positive effects of industrialization and technological improvement the most threatening negative effects of the two is pollution. Pollution is a broad aspect encompassing many institutions and schools of thoughts. In direct terms, pollution is the int roduction of unwanted substances into natural environment leading to environmental instability, disorder, discomfort and harm to the ecosystem affecting the different living things in their habitat. Unwanted substance introduction into the environment has been spurred by industrialization and improved technology leading to production of many varied products. The unwanted substances are the pollutants. Unfortunately, industrialization and technological effect of pollution has caused a lot of harm to living things in their natural habitat. Air pollution being one of the forms of pollution has had serious negative impacts on living things Release of Chemicals into the atmosphere inhaled by living things Causes diseases related to lungs and pulmonary Global warming leading All these activities and effects forces nations to employ structural and strategic policies thus incurring increased costs. Water pollution is another cause of pollution detrimental to survival of living things Causes through pathogens, chemical, and thermal Effects on non-aquatic living things Effects to aquatic living things Water is one of the essentials of life thus taking polluted water leads to health deterioration leading to spending resources in treatment and prevention of diseases. Other than two broad classification of pollution, environmental pollution is another Causes of environmental pollution; dumping Effects to living things Just as the other forms of pollution, environmental pollution leads to stretching of a nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s resources in trying to curb with the problem and this increases running costs of nations. Conclusion Works Cited Atkinson, William. Pollution and Environmental Exposure Insurance. Precast Magazines, July 28, 2010 Silverman, Robert. Pollution takes its Toll on the Heart. Science Daily, September 21, 2010. Air Pollution and its Negative Effects Air pollution is one of the most common forms of pollution experienced because of industrializations and improvement in technology. This form of pollution arises due to emission of unwanted substances (pollutants) into the atmosphere. Atmosphere contains specific components of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon (IV) oxide, and argon among others thus introduction of any other gases leads to pollution of the air. Survival of living things requires oxygen resent in the atmosphere. It is an essential to living things survival and thus it should never been contaminated. Most industrial processes release certain substances most of which are chemicals into the atmosphere thus contaminating the oxygen present. Such chemicals are in form of smoke that entails burnt fuels primarily composed of carbon. Burning carbon combines the element with oxygen thus forming a dangerous gas, carbon (IV) oxide commonly referred to as the carbon dioxide. Releasing such chemical substances into the atmosp here causes air pollution (Atkinson). During inhalation and exhalation amongst the living things, there are no specialized organs within their structures that purify the air or choose the right type of gas to be inhaled. In the process, most living things end up inhaling different gases among them carbon (IV) oxide also known as the carbon dioxide. Inhalation of CO2 has so many effects within the physiological processes of the living things. It combines with the hemoglobin meant to transport oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Such combinations are usually chemical reactions that are irreversible hence interfering with the hemoglobin normal biconcave structure for efficient transport of oxygen. As a result, living things end up suffocating and this in most cases leads to complications and at the end death (Silverman). Emission of such chemical substances into the atmosphere especially the CO2 leads the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s threatening concept, global warming. Global warming is the rapture of the ozone layer because of increased amount of CO2 in the atmosphere; at average, the normal amount should be 0.03% of the atmosphere. Global warming has had great influence in the operations of nations who are putting resources in the reducing it through planting of trees and other environmental promotions. Global warming has the effect of interfering with the skin due to allowing of the ultra violet rays from the sun to heat human beings and living things. Consequence of the ultra violet rays is different cancers resulting from them (Atkinson). These leads to extensive use of public funds in environmental preservation thus stretching the available resources in the structural and strategic policy formation hence reduction in the economic levels. Water Pollution and its Negative Effects This is another form of pollution where the unwanted materials contaminate water bodies. Many pollutants leading to water pollution include pathogens, chemicals, and thermal contaminations. Pathogenic pollution is caused by water contaminations through bacteria such as the coliform bacteria. Other microorganisms cause water contamination such as the salmonella, novovirus, and parasitic worms among others. On the hand, chemical substances released from factories and industries cause water pollution. Chemicals released from the industries, factories, and other sectors of the economy such as agricultural sector include both organic and inorganic chemicals. These chemical substances interfere with the purity of water and most of these chemicals cause so much diseases and complications (Silverman). Human activities such as burning charcoal leading to global warming cause increase in general temperatures thus interfering with the temperatures of water bodies. Other human activities also influence the temperatures of water bodies using engines within such water bodies thereby interfering with the water temperatures. Changes in water temperatures and chemical presence within the water bodies directly affect the aquatic life through killing the living things within such water bodies. As a result, the effect on such aquatic life leads to their death hence the negative effects of water pollution (Atkinson). Deaths of aquatic lives affect human activities indirectly and directly. For instance, the death of fish due to chemicals and changes in water temperatures has the direct effect of reducing the amount of food available for people in terms of proteins. This has the indirect effect or poor health due to reduced proteins as well as reduction in the economic activities causing poor performance of the economy (Silverman). Contaminated water by pathogens causes diseases to human beings thereby reducing the productivity of the citizens of a given nation. Just as the other forms of pollution, water pollution influences forces nations to employ the use of national resources to reduce these effects. Consequently, this leads to poor economic performance. Environmental Pollution and its Negative Effects Another broader form of pollution is the environmental pollution taking care of other forms of pollution other than water and air. The major cause of environmental pollution is the dumping of most of the non-biodegradable products from the industrial and technological development. Such industrial products mostly abused and haphazardly dumped include the industrial plastics. Pollutants of environment release so much toxin substances into the atmosphere affecting both human and other living things (Atkinson). Some of the effects of environmental pollution include the biomagnifications where toxin substances from the pollutants released into the atmosphere concentrate to higher levels thereby affecting the productivity of human beings. Research has proved that the majority of people staying near the dumping sites experience physiological process and sometimes is affected brain wise. Sometimes the environmental pollution causes soil infertility thus reducing the productivity of the soil and this greatly affects the activities and living standards of citizens within a given nations (Silverman). It is worthy noting that the efforts put in place to correct the environmental pollution stretches the national resources and this causes much problem to the economic performance of the nation in question. Conclusion As a parting short, it has been evident from observation and carried out research that pollution has enormous negative impacts to the society. Therefore, there is a need to engage in a number of activities that will help mitigate the risks associated with pollution.

CONVERGE :: Essays Papers

None Provided15 CONVERGE Converge is an exhibition on at the South Australian Art Gallery between March 2nd until March 30th. The exhibition profiles a selection of work from Australian artists. Our perceptions are challenged as we explore the nexus between art, science and technology. Combining technology and science with art. Ranging from bioethics to the environment to robotics. The exhibition is based on research and discovery. Australian artists have met the challenge merging art and science together producing work that is contemporary a journey for us all to take. Converge artists are engaged in critical debates helping to fusing social and political issues. Converge symposium (at the Adelaide Festival 2002 and online) is an opportunity to express and share opinions on the many issues Converge brings up. Just how could you bring together Art, science and technology? The artists of Converse have done just this admirably. The works have been produced using many different mediums, exploring cutting edge research. One project named Pig Wings created by Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr uses semi-living tissues to create three dimensional tissue sculptures. In the last five years the artists have grown semi-living objects, by culturing cells on artificial scaffolds. The ultimate goal of this work is to culture and sustain for long periods, tissue sculptures thus creating a whole new artistic palette. The semi-living objects consist of both synthetic materials and living organic matter. This particular project used pig’s marrow stem cells in order to grow three sets of wings. The use of living cell and tissues for artistic purposes has created concerns. It blurs the boundaries between what we consider acceptable and what is not. There has been much debate recently in regard to the use of human embryonic stem cells. These cells could potentially help millions of people, but governments and churches that say it is not ethical to use â€Å"potential† human beings have blocked the use of them. This project could help to challenge our perceptions about the use of stem cells. A piece of work completely different from Pig Wings is Ngurrara Canvas by the Mangkaja artists. This work is a collorative effect with each of the artists painting his or her own piece of country. The piece is eight metres by ten metres and maps the lands that form part of the Great Sandy Desert. The main intention behind the work was political but the artists have worked well together blending each area so as to create a seamless whole.

Nursing Research Article

Lung cancer has been named the second leading killer of American women second to heart disease.   It is estimated that 20% of deaths among women occur from lung cancer (medinet.com).   According to the American cancer society, lung cancer accounts for up to 28 % of mortality rates among men.   The risk factors associated to lung cancer are smoking of cigarettes, marijuana, exposure to talcum and radioactive gases and asbestos and so on. These compounds are said to trigger growth of malignant cells thus causing cancer (medinet.com). Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD a board certified Anatomic pathologist based in US in her article lung cancer (medicine Net.com) points out that lung cancer is a life threatening cancer that spreads very fast to other parts of the body and is a very difficult cancer to treat.   She clears up the myth that lung cancer only occurs among smokers.   Non-smokers are also prone to developing lung cancer and of the 170,000 lung cancer deaths in America, 10% of them are non-smokers. Of these deaths among non-smokers, not all the cases can be traced to any identifiable risk factors but dominantly, passive smoking can be underpinned to be the major causal factor for lung cancer among non-smokers.   Melissa also tries to shed light or the group that is most prone to suffer from lung cancer.   She purports that smokers, Asbestos workers, the elderly, passive smokers, people exposed to workplace chemicals and residents of air pollution prone zones. According to the American cancer society, 70% of people suffering from cancer are elderly say over 65 years and only 3% under 45 years. Melissa points out that in the 1930, lung cancer was a rare disease however, with the rise of tobacco smoking and pollution, the disease cases have increased unprecedented.   The number of deaths among tobacco smokers is highest among cigarette smoker as opposed to cigar and pipe smokers. The risk getting lung cancer further compounds with each increase of cigarette smoked.   Defined in medical terms as pack-years (the number to packs of cigarette smoked per day in a year), Melissa suggest that the higher the number of pack years, the higher the risk of developing lung cancer.   To be precise she elaborates that out of seven people who smoke 2 to 3 packs of cigarettes in a day, one will die of lung cancer.   (medicineNet.com). This is because cigarette contains carcinogenic compounds that trigger abnormal cell growth in the lungs and thus cancer.   It then seems that lung cancer is a disease for smokers, or at least that is according to common misconceptions.   Melissa in her article submits that research findings indicates people who share living space or work stations have a 24% higher chance of developing cancer as   evidence by 3000 lung cancer deaths pinned to passive smoking. Further, she brings to mind that other risk factors associated with lung cancer are rare but combined with smoking, (passive or active) the risk of developing cancer is further compounded.   Evidence shows that Asbestos workers who smoke had a 50 to 90 times possibility of developing lung cancer in preference to the five times possibility accrued to non-smokers. The case is the same for workers exposed to radon gas and radioactive compounds. Although there is insufficient evidence to support claims that genetic predisposition increase individuals vulnerability to developing lung cancer, the possibility cannot be totally ignored. Residents of air-polluted zones have contributed 1% of all lung cancer cases and clearly, cigarette smoking or passive smoking complicates the problem.   The US government has paid noteworthy attention to the increase of lung cancer deaths among Americans. According to the National cancer institute, 213,389 new cases of lung cancer cases have so far been reported and out of those cases, 160,390 deaths have occurred in 2007 alone.   The magnitude of cancer problem is profound leading the government to respond investing a handsome chunk of money to cancer research each year. The author of the article is a well-educated pathologist and she uses a lot of medical jargon in her article.   However, she makes efforts of clearly explaining important terms so that her audience can understand.   Her piece is well researched and developed giving it a smooth flow. She starts from the basics and develops the topics to complex aspects. For instance, definition of lung cancer, commonality of the disease, causes, types of cancer, signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, prognosis and prevention. However, for a nonprofessional some of the content may be confusing or too technical to understand.   Although she does try to explain in simple language, it is possible to get lost in the maze of medical terminology and information overload.   The argument does seem logical, supported by statistics from reliable sources.   She also builds her article from previous medical researches and from her own professional experience. The author’s argument regarding smoking and its role in increasing risk of developing cancer among cancer prone population is well supported.   She mentions the various causal factors of lung cancer and relates them to smoking.   For instance, the fact that 12% of lung cancer deaths are attributable to radon gas exposure and concomitant smoking bringing the number to up to 15,000deaths per year. I believe this article is most appropriate to Melissa’s target audience because it rolls out facts supported by statistics which I think makes the article believable and reliable.   It is unlikely that an individual, who smokes or is exposed to the risk factors mentioned in the article, would take the recommendations lightly.   Moreover, after reading her article, misconceptions about passive smoking are cleared.   The word that evoked a strong response in me is prognosis of lung cancer. Prognosis of lung cancer refers to the chance of recovery from lung cancer.   Melissa sheds light on the possibility of recovery among lung cancer patients.   She submits that recovery is dependant on the localization and size of tumor type of cancer and overall health status of the patient.   This gets me thinking because; I always thought cancer was the same. She fills in the readers on the two types of lung cancers, which are the i.e. small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC is the most aggressive and survival time ranges from about 4 to 6 months after diagnosis, if untreated.   However, the SCLC is the most responsive to radiation and chemotherapy.   At this point, I feel enlightened.   Further, she points out treatments like surgical removal of tumors and local chemotherapy as the most effective treatment. Although there is, only 5%-10% chances of survival if lung cancer is untreated, good treatment can prolong cancer patient with SCLC types of lung cancer, to up to 5 times more than the untreated cases. Overall I think the article is well researched and accurate and gives a clear take home message i.e. prevention is better than cure since prognosis of lung cancer is poor compared to other cancers.   Thus, smokers and passive smokers are best advised to avoid cigarette in order to minimize susceptibility to lung cancer. References Conrad M. S ed. Marks, J.W. Lung Cancer. Available at http://www.medicinenet.com/lung_cancer/page7.htm Accessed on September 18, 2007 .

trifles essays

trifles essays Throughout time women have broken off the shorter end of the stick against men. Even when women have been correct and justified in their opinions, they have often been ignored and had their opinions and thoughts vanquished. Sometimes men will amuse women by taking their thoughts into consideration, but many times the real essence of what a woman says is lost in the rolling of eyes and laughter or scorn of men. How many times do husbands ask for directions when their wives have told them they are lost? This may seem a trivial episode, but underlying it is superiority felt by men towards women. However men do not realize that their own conceit holds them back, and does not bring them to higher ground. In order to counter this, women tend to keep to themselves in many cases, knowing their opinions will not be considered. In the drama Trifles it is many times nuances and innuendos, and not facts, that the women use to express their thoughts. In this way women will often know the truth qu ietly, while men will think they know the truth loudly. In the beginning of the play, the County Attorney remarks upon how dirty the towels in the kitchen are. To him, the towels are just that, towels. They do not indicate to him anything about the way of life in which Mr. And Mrs. Wright lived. He cannot see such indicators because he does not look for them. He does not look for them because he does not know how to. He is not sensitive to the goings on in the household. However, when Mrs. Hale defends Mrs. Wright, Those towels get dirty awful quick. Mens hands arent always as clean as they might be, the County Attorney brushes her off as simple loyalty to her sex. The Attorney is missing a clue in the towel. However Mrs. Hale is quick to note that a dirty towel could mean an abusive husband. Without saying that Mr. Wright was abusive, Mrs. Hale says that his hands arent as clean, or his mann ...

Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper

What a Night! It was a beautiful, warm Thursday evening. I was wandering foolishly through the neighbor’s gardens in search of glowing fireflies. I stumbled across a group of three fireflies, all with their lights shining, except for one. As I knelt down to pick up the helpless little creature, I heard a strange and unfamiliar noise. I flung myself to the ground as not to be caught. I clung to the grass for a few minutes, but the sound would not stop. I slowly raised my head to see what could be capable of making this sort of strange noise. A third story window in the house that occupied the property I was trespassing on caught my attention. A dim, yellow light shined in the room. I saw strange shadows on the ceiling, which I made out to be a woman. She looked to be circling the room in a slow manner. In her hands she grasped a large object, something flimsy and lightweight. I crawled to the base of an apple tree and carefully climbed up to the top branch. From there, I could confirm my speculations. I could not believe what my eyes saw; a deranged woman tearing wallpaper off the wall of her room, and flailing it around violently. The tearing of the wallpaper was the unexplainable sound that I had been hearing. Scared, I jumped out of the tree and ran home in fear of my life. Since that night, I have never stepped foot on that property again.... Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is an account of a mentally disturbed woman. The woman portrayed in this short story plays the role of a dominated, inferior lady who is not outspoken and willing to take a stand on behalf of her own well being. She does not realize she can have her own ideas and stand up for herself; this is her main problem in the story. By applying all the concepts of style, symbolism and time era Charlotte Perkins Gilman has conceived a well-written story. The time frame has a great importance to the overall story. The account does not just deal with a woman going insane but a woman’s standing in society in the late 1800’s. During the time in which Gilman’s piece was written, women were not often prominent figures in society. Men frequently dominated them, and it was rare to find a very outspoken female willing to stand up for her own well-being. It is a very disturbing look at how a man could have dominated a lady in the time frame in which the story was set. It exemplifies how woman were disregarded at times and treated like frail beings at others. All woman really needed was moral or emotional support to break free of a male dominated society. Throughout the story symbolism is a strong key point. The wallpaper has many symbolic examples in it. The pattern at one point in time start to look like bars and the woman behind them is constantly shaking them at night to escape. The key factor is that the woman is somehow freed from the bars during the day, yet trapped behind them at night. This is symbolic of her husbands not being home during the days, while he is working. During this time she is alone and free to be herself, without anyone’s rules to suppress her emotions. Because of this she does not feel the urgent need to escape. At night however when her husband returns home she is thrown back behind those imaginary bars that symbolize her feelings of control. In the ... Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper What a Night! It was a beautiful, warm Thursday evening. I was wandering foolishly through the neighbor’s gardens in search of glowing fireflies. I stumbled across a group of three fireflies, all with their lights shining, except for one. As I knelt down to pick up the helpless little creature, I heard a strange and unfamiliar noise. I flung myself to the ground as not to be caught. I clung to the grass for a few minutes, but the sound would not stop. I slowly raised my head to see what could be capable of making this sort of strange noise. A third story window in the house that occupied the property I was trespassing on caught my attention. A dim, yellow light shined in the room. I saw strange shadows on the ceiling, which I made out to be a woman. She looked to be circling the room in a slow manner. In her hands she grasped a large object, something flimsy and lightweight. I crawled to the base of an apple tree and carefully climbed up to the top branch. From there, I could confirm my speculations. I could not believe what my eyes saw; a deranged woman tearing wallpaper off the wall of her room, and flailing it around violently. The tearing of the wallpaper was the unexplainable sound that I had been hearing. Scared, I jumped out of the tree and ran home in fear of my life. Since that night, I have never stepped foot on that property again.... Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper Take control â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story based on â€Å"rest cure† treatment, developed after the Civil War by famous physician S. W. Mitchell, which required confining the patient to a remote residence on complete bad rest, increased food intake, supplements and exercise, massage and, at times, electric shock therapy. But the story actually is not a discussion about treatment methods of common mental disorders but about a struggle of personality- about a woman that tying to find independent way of living. The narrator, a young women in her thirties, faces deep identity problems, that lead her to extraordinary ways to express herself. To understand what is really going on with the person, we have to take a look at the environment that surrounds her. The fact that she is not at home but in temporary â€Å"ancestral hall for summer† and moved there just a few weeks ago, to the idea that this is not about her physical environment, but her emotional state we are talkin g here and the problem has not appeared itself just a few weeks ago; rather physical environment only triggered it making it noticeable. As opposite to temporal, that can be changed, her emotional surrounding is constant and this is what we will try to focus on. We believe, that â€Å"nervous breakdown† was result of continuous struggle to find her own personality and be accepted as she is, not the way it convenient for others to see her. The first figure that mention here is her husband John, who is her physician as well, and the reason she does not get batter, from her words. There are many reasons for psychological problems to occur, and one of them is extreme loneliness of narrator and lack of support from others. In this family husband presents a narcissistic, self-loving figure, that confident in self-perfection. He does not take his wife seriously as a partner and friend, keeping her away from his business. He leaving in a morning and come back late, only tell...

Analyse the performance of the components (C, I, G & NX) of Australias Essay

Analyse the performance of the components (C, I, G & NX) of Australias GDP since 2005 - Essay Example In the following table the estimates of different components are represented quarter-wise. The data covers the time period from the first quarter of 2005 and the final quarter of 2008. Here the five components are given. The components are: private consumption expenditure, gross private investment, inventory investment and the net export (obtained by subtracting the import from the export of the corresponding year). Private investment is obtained by summing up dwelling investment, buildings and structures investment, equipment investment and other investments. The inventory investment is obtained by summing up private non-firm inventories and other inventories. In the above figure we can show the rate of consumption growth over different quarters from 2005 March to 2008 December. The growth reached highest in December 2006 and in June 2008 the growth rate in consumption became negative. That implies a decline in consumption. That is perhaps due to the recession due to the global credit crisis. Further the consumption growth revived in the next quarter and then again it showed a decline in the last quarter of 2008. In the above diagram the trend of the growth of private investment is shown quarter-wise from the first quarter of 2005 to last quarter of 2008. It is found that the private investment became negative in March 2006 and the growth rate became lower than -1% in September 2006. In the next two quarters there had been a sharp rise in the private investment and again it started to decline sharply till December 2007. In the first two quarters there was a rise in growth rate of private investment and again it declined in the last two quarters of the year 2008 i.e. that is the period of global recession. The above table shows that since the first quarter of the year 2007 Australia has been facing balance of trade crisis. The situation has improved little in the last quarter of the year 2008. That was due to the global

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 4-SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 4-SLP) - Essay Example This article emphasizes the importance of stress management program to help students maintain comfortable and productive levels of daily stress. It explains Stress Relief Packs, Web-based Relaxation Exercises, Stress Management Peers, Educational Materials, Outreach Programs etc for stress management This article explains the importance of life style, fun and relaxation in stress management strategies. In some cases the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are, the article suggests. The article argues that if you can’t change the stressor, change yourself in order to tackle stress effectively. This article defines stress, explains the cause of stress and also possible precautions and treatment to stay away from stress. The author argues that excess usage of Caffeine, lack of Exercise, Relaxation/Meditation, Sleep, Time-outs and Leisure, Realistic Expectations etc are the main causes of stress. The author believes that learning of how to turn off the alarm system through various relaxation methods and how to not turn it on inadvertently in the first place can relieve stress immensely. This article explains Deep breathing, Muscular relaxation, and Visualization techniques to reduce stress. This article explains the assessment of stress, and also stress management program for an individual. Reduction of negative thoughts, Planning of some fun Refocus the negative into the positive Take a break, Think positively etc can be useful in managing stress as per this

Attachment and bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Attachment and bullying - Essay Example Informed consent was taken into consideration at the start of any research project (Shank, 2002). Consent is about participants making a reasonable choice to take part in the study, and, as such, their aspirations need to â€Å"fit† with the goals of the research (Mason, 1997). The researcher made sure that the participants were fully informed. In addition the researcher discussed the potential consent form with their supervisor and colleagues. The researcher also had the form submitted to the university’s research ethics committee. This highlighted to the researcher potential ambiguities in meaning, confusing sentences and missing information that are likely to invalidate the measures (Patton, 2000). It was predicted that the present study would extend understandings about gaining informed consent from participants, and would add to the debate of this issue within the social science research community. Hence, this study’s final thesis was to provide clear and concise information to the procedures for gaining participant consent, and also set out to contribute discourse on this topic, and to inform readers. Additionally, it was expected that the potential for this research to be published would contribute to legal and ethical issues relating to research with humans, as well as public accountability and encouraging the practice of reporting consent procedures to stimulate ethical debate (Mason, 1997). Informed consent requires the awareness of the researcher that participation is dependent on an individual’s understanding of the goals of the study, and what is expected of the participant. Informed consent ensured respect for the dignity of the participant (Mack et al., 2005). Coercion into participation was avoided at all costs, as the study requires that participation be voluntary (Penslar, 1995). Thus, informed consent was to ensure the well being of participants as its priority. Additionally,